Cyprus strengthens protection of citrus against the “yellow dragon” disease

Cyprus is intensifying measures to protect citrus trees from the dangerous Huanglongbing (HLB) disease, known as the “yellow dragon.” It is one of the most destructive citrus diseases in the world, which has already destroyed millions of trees in Florida, Brazil, and China.

The disease is caused by bacteria of the Candidatus Liberibacter genus, which are spread by the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). The illness received the name “yellow dragon” due to its characteristic symptoms: yellowing and marbling of leaves, deformation and bitter taste of fruit, and the death of the tree within a few years.

The first confirmed detection of the insect carrier in the European Union occurred in 2023 — in the Fasouri area (Limassol district). This became a worrying signal for the entire region, including Cyprus, where citrus fruit is an important part of agriculture and exports.

The Ministry of Agriculture of Cyprus is already implementing a National Action Plan to protect citrus. It includes enhanced monitoring of orchards, elimination of the pest, and strict control of plant imports. Authorities are also conducting inspections in private gardens and green zones to prevent the spread of the insect.

One of the priority areas has been biological pest control: on the island, its natural enemy — the parasitic wasp Tamarixia citricola — was identified, capable of effectively reducing the population of Diaphorina citri.

In addition, strengthened quarantine measures have been introduced. All batches of citrus plants and planting material from high-risk regions undergo mandatory inspection.

The economic consequences of a potential outbreak could be extremely serious: according to experts, if the HLB bacteria reaches the island, a significant part of the citrus harvest may be destroyed.

A representative of the Cyprus Department of Agriculture stated that although the bacteria itself has not been detected on the island yet, the presence of its carrier requires “maximum vigilance and coordinated action from all sectors.” Farmers are advised to immediately report any suspicious symptoms — yellowing leaves, fruit deformation, or reduced tree growth.

The situation remains under control, however authorities emphasize that the fight against the “yellow dragon” is a matter of time and systematic effort. Preventive measures today are the only way to protect Cyprus’ citrus plantations from the fate of orchards in Florida and Brazil.